28 January 2026

Distribution Use of System (DUOS) charges

What are Distribution Use of System (DUoS) charges?

Distribution Use of System (DUoS) charges are fees paid for the operation, maintenance and reinforcement of Great Britain’s electricity distribution networks. These networks deliver electricity from the high-voltage transmission system to homes and businesses via lower-voltage local infrastructure.

DUoS charges are set and recovered by the Distribution Network Operators (DNOs), which include companies such as UK Power Networks, National Grid Electricity Distribution, and SSE Networks.


Who pays DUoS charges?

DUoS charges apply to all electricity customers, including domestic and business users. For most businesses, DUoS charges are recovered by the electricity supplier and passed through as a non-commodity network charge.

Larger sites connected at higher voltages (HV or EHV) face more complex DUoS tariffs, while smaller sites at low voltage (LV) typically pay lower rates that are embedded in their standing charges.


How do DUoS charges work in practice?

There are multiple types of DUoS charge:


  • DUoS Standing charge - charged as p/day similar to the traditional standing charge
  • DUoS Capacity charge - charged as p/kVA/month
  • Red/Amber/Green Unit charges - charges depending on when electricity is used.


With the Red, Amber, and Green charges, these are based on whether a unit of electricity is consumed during peak or off-peak network hours:


  • Red – the highest of the three charges occurs during peak network demand periods
  • Amber – is applied during intermediate demand periods
  • Green – the lowest of the three charges is for off-peak periods


With the capacity charge, this is based on the kVA capacity assigned by the DNO. This charge can be reduced by agreeing with the DNO to lower your kVA capacity. We recommend conducting regular kVA reviews to ensure you are not paying for capacity that you don't use. Contact us today if you would like assistance in conducting a kVA review and potentially saving £10,000s each year on your capacity charges.


How much is DUoS (and when are charges set)?

DUoS tariffs are set annually by each DNO and apply for the charging year from 1 April to 31 March. Rates vary significantly by region, voltage level and time of use.

For non-domestic customers, DUoS can range from 1–2 p/kWh at Low Voltage sites with limited exposure to red periods, or 3–6+ p/kWh (or higher) for High Voltage customers with heavy peak-time usage.

As a result of this variability, DUoS is often one of the largest and most volatile network charges on a business electricity bill.


Why DUoS matters for businesses

DUoS is one of the few bill components that businesses can actively influence. Shifting consumption away from red periods, optimising agreed capacity, or investing in on-site generation or storage can materially reduce costs.

DUoS optimisation can deliver immediate and recurring savings, making it a critical focus area in energy cost management.


If you would like to check if your capacity charges can be reduced, or that your DUoS charges are being invoiced correctly. Contact us today and we can review your recent invoices to make sure you aren't paying more than necessary.


by Craig Watson 27 March 2026
With consumer spending declining and OFGEM raising their price cap, you would be forgiven for seeing February as a month where negative news was at the forefront, but in the energy markets, this was not the case.
by Craig Watson 27 March 2026
In a year that began with falling energy prices, there were recurring catalysts that led to prices climbing steadily higher. Geopolitical uncertainty and the perennial threat of escalating conflicts meant fear would maintain a constant presence in the wholesale markets. We will look back at the key energy stories from 2024, and how the energy markets are likely to shape up in 2025. Quarter 1  The year began with cautious optimism as the UK’s gas reserve levels were healthy and prices for the Summer’24 season were in freefall. In February, prices pulled back to their lowest levels since 2021, and for the first time in a while, we identified that there was greater potential for upside risk than for further downward price movement: “ there now (exists) an asymmetrical element of risk should the market encounter a supply-side problem of significance. ” During February we had advised customers on flexible contracts that this was an ideal time for making purchases. March would see prices begin to ascend again as international conflict would create problems with LNG imports, and we would highlight the geopolitical risks as an area for concern moving forwards: “ fears remain and there are potential negative catalysts that could lead to prices rising further, with the main factors to watch out for being based on geopolitical unrest. “ For a business that purchases their energy in advance, this quarter was the optimal time for purchasing during 2024. In February, electricity prices for Winter’25 were down to 7.75p/Kwh, and as low as 6.05p/Kwh for Summer’25. Winter’25 ended the year with prices above 11.1p/Kwh, with Summer’25 prices exceeding 9p/Kwh. For a company that uses 500,000Kwh of electricity per month, the difference between buying at the February low point compared to today’s prices would represent a yearly saving of over £200,000.
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